Suchergebnisse

This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek 'thin ice', *torek 'noise, crackling, rumbling', *čapek 'overgrown undercut', räbeh 'damp low place in the forest'), Vepsian verbal name *kütm <* kütkim 'leash for cattle' with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hörpäk 'stake with branches for drying hay' with the suffix -äk and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond 'swift with a narrow bed on the river', in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. А. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.

The article deals with constructions formed by Russian preposition po
and body part nouns. On the one hand, they meet the interests of lexicology,
phraseology and grammar and are being studied within these approaches, on the
other hand, the data available is not very coherent. In order to provide a systemic
description for this cluster of constructions, the ideas of Construction grammar have
been applied. The article aims to reveal and scrutinize main families of po + body
part nouns constructions. We extracted 26 constructions out of phraseological and
auxiliary words dictionaries which were used as a source of material. Their analysis
has shown that there are 6 families of the constructions in question: level constructions
(po poyas 'waist-high/deep'), high degree of a feature constructions (po ushi 'over
head and ears'), punishment constructions (po shee 'in the neck'), matching
constructions (po plechu 'equal'), indifference constructions (poboku 'awry'),
temporal and locative constructions (po stopam 'in the track of', po bokam ot 'on the
sides of'). The families were studied with corpus data which allowed to enlarge the
classes and assign some structure-semantic types within. The constructions
correspond to different parts of speech and may be regarded as results of lexicalization,
grammaticalization and pragmaticalization; however, they could be also considered
as constructionalization effects.

Acta Slavica Estonica is an international series of publications on current issues of Russian and other Slavic languages, literatures and cultures. This volume continues the tradition of publishing studies on the history and culture of the Old Believers in Estonia. It includes research papers on the topic, as well as transcripts of recorded texts from the Old Believers. The special focus of the volume is on the island Piirissaar, its history, architecture, people and their language, customs and traditions.

The article considers the semantic field "Organs of the human body" and presents a comparative analysis of some important somatic phraseological units of the Persian and Russian languages. Semantic, syntactic and morphological features of the components in each phraseological unit are studied, the similarities and differences between the correlates in Russian and Persian are established. Among the methods used are the semantic and descriptive methods for the identification and description of the phraseological units, comparison and contrast. It was found that in most cases the phraseological units lack precise equivalents and lend themselves to descriptive translation — 7 cases. Translation by analogy ("functional analogues") is constituted by 7 cases, 8 cases reveal partial equivalence. 2 more examples are an example of synonymous translation in combination with deidiomatization and an example of translation by the equivalent. The results of the work done can be applied in classes of Russian lexicology in order to familiarize Iranian students studying Russian as a foreign language with different methods of translating phraseological units.

Russian vocabulary is the most changeable language level. New vocabulary is a reflection of modern political, cultural and social changes and it may be interesting for different fields of linguistic science and, in our opinion, can be an extraordinary material for studying lexical norms and stylistic features of Russian language. Using new author's vocabulary (protologisms) as language material can be aimed at testing both students' theoretical knowledge of the Russian language and their ability to apply this knowledge in determining the lexical meaning of a word, the relationship of word formation methods with the meaning of a new word, its expressive function, morphological meaning, and the possibility of combining it with other words for inclusion in the structure of an utterance, depending on the sphere of communication. The purpose of this article is to describe ways to include a special category of words in the content of the discipline "Russian language and culture of speech": the author's vocabulary (protologisms). We assume this language material can be used to systematize students' knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian language and the stylistic features of these words. The object of study in this article are protologism as lexical units, which is a kind of new vocabulary of modern Russian language; the subject of research – the possibility of their use as a language material for teaching lexical and stylistic peculiarities of the Russian language.

In this paper, the abstract noun real'nost' is studied based on the newspaper texts included in the electronic corpus 'Russian Newspapers of the End of the 20th Century', developed by the Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The studied word, as well as other polysemic nouns formed with the productive suffix -ost', may obtain regular concrete meanings besides the meaning of abstract attribute. Due to the polysemic nature of this particular type of nouns, contexts play a rather significant role in understanding and studying them. The purpose of the paper is to identify the semantic and contextual characteristics of the given noun while being used in different meanings in newspaper texts. Based on the corpus data, we have revealed the most frequently used meaning of the word and the contextual characteristics of each particular meaning. The study has shown that in Russian newspaper texts created in the late 20th century, the concrete meaning of the word real'nost' demonstrates a considerably higher usage frequency than its abstract meaning. The noun also developed a third meaning, as a result of which it can be used in the plural form. In addition, the studied word has been analyzed in a comparative perspective. When it is used in the position of the subject or an actant in original texts in Russian, its abstract meaning can only be expressed by predicates or attributes (subordinate clauses) in Chinese. This proves that the Russian language has a comparatively higher level of 'communicative fragmentation', which is mainly based on nouns formed with the suffix -ost'.

Urban motifs in Russian poetry have not yet become the subject of comprehensive investigation in terms of the evolution of poetic conceptualization of the world, the frequency, semantics and syntagmatics of the key lexemes — 'gorod' and 'grad'. Meanwhile, the analy­sis of the poetic, ethnic and linguistic picture of the world, closely connected with diachronic lexicology, phraseology and grammar, allows important conclusions concerning the history of the national semiosphere and conceptosphere based on the analysis of the works of outstanding representatives of culture and literature of a nation. In the article, the author analyzes the usage, frequency, valency potential, and the system of poetic senses of the lexemes 'gorod' and 'grad' using the poems of reformers of the Russian language and litera­ture of the 18th century — Kantemir, Trediakovsky, Lomonosov, Sumarokov, and, in com­pa­rative terms, against a wider temporal perspective, the preceding and subsequent texts of Rus­sian poetry. The lexeme 'grad' was often used in Classicist and Romantic poetry. From the 1830s onwards, it was used less frequently in its full version 'gorod'. The poets employed the lexemes 'grad' and 'gorod' to form tropes and figures of speech, striving to expand the tradi­tio­nal syntagmatics, especially in epithets. Lyrical texts retained sacred meanings and biblical allusions (sacred city, temple, heavenly garden, holy 'vertograd') in the development of urbanistic and battle themes.

This paper deals with the analysis of modern youth slang in the English language. The definition of slang attracts attention of modern philologists. Now there are a fairly large number of slang definitions that quite often contradict each other. Slang is one of the most problematic and main aspects of lexicology, as it reflects the linguistic and cultural features of the society that uses it. Students should select texts based on the language of their future specialty, make assignments for the consolidation of the passed terminology (Erofeeva & Yusupova, 2018). Today, slang is one of the most interesting language systems of modern linguistics. This paper discusses issues related to such a concept as slang, the problems of its use in spoken language of modern youth, as well as the reasons for the penetration of vocabulary into the language. In the course of studying, analysis method and questionnaires were used. Questionnaires enabled to quickly identify and interview large groups of people by a small number of sociologists. The ways of borrowing from other languages, the main ways of the formation of slang expressions were analyzed, the question of frequent use of these or those words in the spoken language of youth was also considered

Argues that source studies need further development in Russian linguistics since involving a wider range of manuscripts into investigation may answer many questions that are actually faced by the historical lexicology and lexicography. It may also help to reconstruct the historical language development in detail. This approach is particularly relevant in the studies of the Russian language of the 18th century. While it is mainly based on the published texts, there is a lot of manuscripts that have not been studied yet but may greatly contribute to understanding of both the formal language developments and emergence of a new type of literary Russian language or the language of Russian nation. The special emphasis is to be put on research of the regional manuscripts which are also important for studying the formal language as they represent its local variations and local vocabulary which cannot be found in the records of the central institutions. The main issues of linguistic study stated above are considered on the example of the North Russian manuscripts of the early 18th century, namely the customs books of Kevrola, a town in the Archangel region.

Ukrainian, unlike other East Slavic languages, is characterized by the active use of significant lexical components derived from Romance, Germanic, and West Slavic languages. This article presents a brief overview of the presence of Romance language lexical elements in Ukrainian and lays the groundwork for further research on the Ukrainian alloglot lexis and the comparison of Ukrainian with Russian and Belarusian.

Рассматриваются особенности контекстуальной семантики и функционирования выражения пятая колонна в русском языке на фоне некоторых других европейских языков и в связи со структурно и семантически близкими выражениями пятая графа и пятый пункт. Основным материалом для статьи являются тексты современных российских СМИ. ; The article views peculiarities of contextual semantics and functioning of the expression пятая колонна («the fifth column») in the Russian language in comparison with some other European languages and with a reference to structurally and semantically close expressions such as пятая графа («the fifth section/column») and пятый пункт («the fifth point»). The main material for the article is formed by the texts of contemporary Russian media.

В статье на материале выступлений Д. А. Медведева представлен анализ англоязычной лексики, употребляемой русскоязычным политиком в профессиональном дискурсе. ; The article presents the results of an analysis of the English-language vocabulary used by a Russian-speaking politician in professional discourse from the linguopersonological positions.

В статье произведена классификация слов, относящихся к военной сфере России середины XVIII века. Подробному лингвистическому описанию в ней подвергнута группа «Названия воинских чинов и званий». Автор рассматривает гипергипонимические отношения внутри слов указанной лексической группы, устанавливает время вхождения каждого слова в русский язык. Наряду с этим в статье раскрываются значения анализируемых слов, особенности их употребления в мемуарах Г.Р. Державина. ; In this article the author classifies the words which refer to the Russian military sphere of the mid-18th century. The group Names of military titles and ranks is the focus of a precise linguistic analysis. The author researches the hyper-hyponymic relations among the words within the indicated lexical group, defines the entering time of each word into the Russian language. The article also describes the meanings of the analyzed words, the peculiarities of their usage in Derzhavins Notes. The article is of interest for specialists in historical lexicology as well as for the linguists who deal with the studying of Derzhavins prose.